| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Other, Fasteners Roots skinned and used to lash birchbark baskets. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Other, Fuel Wood used for firewood. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Other, Hide Preparation Rotten wood pulverized, mixed with rotten willow and used to smoke hides. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 50 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Koyukon Other, Tools Wood used to make drying racks. Nelson, Richard K., 1983, Make Prayers to the Raven--A Koyukon View of the Northern Forest, Chicago. The University of Chicago Press, page 49 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Malecite Drug, Unspecified Pitch used in medicines. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Malecite Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Needles and branches used for pillows and bedding. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Malecite Fiber, Sewing Material Roots used for thread. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Malecite Other, Waterproofing Agent Pitch used for waterproofing seams in canoes. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1952, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Malecite Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 42:1-7, page 6 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Micmac Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding Boughs used to make beds. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Micmac Fiber, Sewing Material Roots used as sewing material for canoe birch bark products. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Micmac Food, Beverage Bark used to make a beverage. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Micmac Other, Fuel Wood used for kindling and fuel. Speck, Frank G. and R.W. Dexter, 1951, Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians of New Brunswick, Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41:250-259, page 258 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Montagnais Drug, Cough Medicine Decoction of twigs taken for coughs. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 314 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Analgesic Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Anticonvulsive Infusion of roots and bark used for trembling and fits. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain. Reagan, Albert B., 1928, Plants Used by the Bois Fort Chippewa (Ojibwa) Indians of Minnesota, Wisconsin Archeologist 7(4):230-248, page 244 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Stimulant Leaves used as a reviver and bark used as a medicinal salt. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Drug, Unspecified Bark used as a medicinal salt. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 379 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Canoe Material Roots used to sew canoes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa Fiber, Caulking Material Boiled resin and tallow used to make pitch for caulking canoes. Smith, Huron H., 1932, Ethnobotany of the Ojibwe Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of Milwaukee 4:327-525, page 421 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Ojibwa, South Drug, Unspecified Decoction of leaves and crushed bark taken for unspecified ailments. Hoffman, W.J., 1891, The Midewiwin or 'Grand Medicine Society' of the Ojibwa, SI-BAE Annual Report #7, page 198 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Potawatomi Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of inner bark applied to infected inflammations. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70 |
| Picea mariana (P. Mill.) B.S.P. Black Spruce USDA PIMA |
Potawatomi Drug, Disinfectant Poultice of inner bark applied to infected inflammations. Smith, Huron H., 1933, Ethnobotany of the Forest Potawatomi Indians, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 7:1-230, page 70 |
| Picea pungens Engelm. Spruce USDA PIPU |
Keres, Western Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Infusion of leaves used as a bath for rheumatism. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
| Picea pungens Engelm. Spruce USDA PIPU |
Keres, Western Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of leaves used for colds. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
| Picea pungens Engelm. Spruce USDA PIPU |
Keres, Western Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Infusion of plant used to clean the stomach. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
| Picea pungens Engelm. Spruce USDA PIPU |
Keres, Western Other, Ceremonial Items Plant used in ceremonies. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
| Picea pungens Engelm. Spruce USDA PIPU |
Keres, Western Other, Good Luck Charm Twig bits given as presents to bring good luck. Swank, George R., 1932, The Ethnobotany of the Acoma and Laguna Indians, University of New Mexico, M.A. Thesis, page 60 |
| Picea pungens Engelm. Spruce USDA PIPU |
Navajo Other, Ceremonial Items Branches used for the Chant of the Sun's House. Elmore, Francis H., 1944, Ethnobotany of the Navajo, Sante Fe, NM. School of American Research, page 20 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Cherokee Drug, Cold Remedy Infusion of bough taken for colds. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Cherokee Drug, Misc. Disease Remedy Infusion of bough taken to break out measles. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Cherokee Fiber, Basketry Bark used to make baskets. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Cherokee Fiber, Building Material Bark used to make lumber. Hamel, Paul B. and Mary U. Chiltoskey, 1975, Cherokee Plants and Their Uses -- A 400 Year History, Sylva, N.C. Herald Publishing Co., page 57 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Chippewa Fiber, Canoe Material Roots used in sewing canoes. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Chippewa Fiber, Caulking Material Gum used to make pitch. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 377 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Chippewa Food, Beverage Leaves used to make a beverage. Densmore, Frances, 1928, Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, SI-BAE Annual Report #44:273-379, page 317 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Montagnais Drug, Pulmonary Aid Compound decoction of bark taken for lung trouble. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
| Picea rubens Sarg. Red Spruce USDA PIRU |
Montagnais Drug, Throat Aid Compound decoction of bark taken for throat trouble. Speck, Frank G., 1917, Medicine Practices of the Northeastern Algonquians, Proceedings of the 19th International Congress of Americanists Pp. 303-321, page 315 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Analgesic Decoction of cones taken for pain and bark used as steam bed for backache. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Poultice of compound containing gum applied to the arms for rheumatism. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Ripe cones used to make a steambath for rheumatism. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Sapling bark used to make a steambath for rheumatism. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Antirheumatic (External) Steam bed of ripe cones or bark on hot stones used by rheumatics. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Burn Dressing 'Branches used to whip a burned arm or leg until the blood came.' Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Ceremonial Medicine Boughs used ritually for protection from death and illness. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid Gum applied to 'small cuts, broken skin and suppurating sores.' Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Dermatological Aid Poultice of gum applied to cuts. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Disinfectant Poultice of gum applied to infections. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Diuretic Decoction of gum taken as a diuretic for gonorrhea. Smith, Harlan I., 1929, Materia Medica of the Bella Coola and Neighboring Tribes of British Columbia, National Museum of Canada Bulletin 56:47-68, page 51, 52 |
| Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. Sitka Spruce USDA PISI |
Bella Coola Drug, Gastrointestinal Aid Ripe cones used to make a steambath for stomach troubles. Turner, Nancy J., 1973, The Ethnobotany of the Bella Coola Indians of British Columbia, Syesis 6:193-220, page 198 |